The Chinese year 1968, also known as the Year of the Monkey, holds several notable features and events that have left a lasting impact on Chinese history and culture. Here are some noteworthy aspects of the Chinese year 1968:
1. Cultural Revolution: The most significant event of the year was the ongoing Cultural Revolution that started in 1966. This socio-political movement led by Mao Zedong aimed to purge capitalist elements from Chinese society and reinforce communist ideology. During 1968, the movement escalated with violent purges, destruction of cultural artifacts, and widespread chaos. Students, intellectuals, and party officials were targeted, resulting in millions of deaths and widespread suffering.
2. Red Guards: The Red Guards, a group of radicalized youth who supported Mao’s Cultural Revolution, played a key role in the events of 1968. They engaged in violent acts against perceived enemies of the revolution, leading to widespread fear and instability. The Red Guards enforced strict adherence to Mao’s ideology and worked to eliminate any dissenting voices, often resorting to brutal tactics.
3. Sent-down youth: As part of the Cultural Revolution, millions of urban youth were sent to the countryside to learn from the peasants and support agricultural work. This policy, known as the “Up to the mountains, Down to the villages” movement, had a profound impact on Chinese society, disrupting families, education systems, and urban life. Many of these sent-down youth faced harsh conditions and struggled to adapt to rural life.
4. Sino-Soviet Split: In 1968, tensions between China and the Soviet Union escalated, leading to a border conflict between the two countries. The ideological differences between the two communist powers, coupled with territorial disputes, resulted in a breakdown of relations and mutual distrust. The Sino-Soviet Split had lasting consequences for the global communist movement and shifted the balance of power in the Cold War era.
5. Space exploration: On a more positive note, 1968 was also significant for China’s space exploration efforts. In June of that year, China successfully launched its first satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, into orbit, marking a major milestone in the country’s space program. This achievement showcased China’s technological capabilities and ambition to compete with other space-faring nations.
Overall, the Chinese year 1968 was a turbulent period marked by political upheaval, social transformation, and technological advancements. The Cultural Revolution dominated the national narrative, leaving a deep scar on Chinese society that continues to be felt to this day. Despite the challenges and turmoil of that year, China also demonstrated its resilience and potential for innovation in various fields, setting the stage for future developments in the decades to come.